Animal welfare issues in The Netherlands | Cows used for dairy: dehorning of animals; separating calves from their moms; lack of outdoor grazing; improper housing (e.g., insufficient space). Calves: growing up motherless; lack of care; long-distance transports; limited amount of roughage; housing (floors, no outdoors). Cattle: difficult natural births due to breeding; genetic disorders in small populations. Pigs: boredom, unable to display natural behaviour; tail-docking and castration; piglet mortality (ca. 13.5%); sows in limiting farrowing crates; limited feed intake for pregnant sows; osteochondrosis (bones disorder); respiratory problems, heat stress; CO2 stunning before slaughter. Laying hens: broken and damaged bones; itchiness and anemia in case of bird mite; predation in case of free range; pain during loading and transport before slaughter. Broiler chickens: strict rations in terms of feed intake; feeling of hunger and frustration; unnatural fast growth; beak-clipping and toes amputation before ban in 2018. Ducks: absence of swimming water; catching and loading before transport. Turkeys: unnatural fast growth; various physical injuries; beak-clipping before ban in 2018; catching, loading and transport to slaughter. Rabbits: housing and amount of space to move; floor type and amount of distraction material; aggression among feeders raised together; generation of ovulation with hormone injection. Sheep: unstunned slaughter; difficult births are almost solved; tail-docking for a few races allowed. Goats: lack of distraction material for goats; lack of outdoor grazing; transports of young goats; difficulty to get young goats drinking. Horses: boredom and frustration due to solitary housing; inadequate feeding; little free range; back problems of horses.


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